8/15/2008

Gout Prevalence and Incidence

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According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994, an estimated 5.1 million people in the United States suffer from gout.

Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in men. Gout affects approximately 3 times as many men as women, and men are more likely than women to have gout at all ages. Racial and ethnic differences are not as distinct among patients in the US, though African Americans aged 45 years or older are more likely to have gout than Caucasians in the same age group.

Some worldwide prevalence observations:

  • Black Africans, Japanese, and Native Americans have generally lower levels than Caucasian populations.
  • Compared to other populations, higher urate levels are found in adult ethnic men in Oceania.
  • Ethnic groups in Malaysia and China have higher mean urate levels than most Caucasian populations.

In one longitudinal study, the cumulative incidence of all gout was 8.6% among men, with a median age at study entry of 22 years and a median follow-up of 29 years. In general, gout has an annual incidence of 1 to 3 per 1000 men. The rate in all women is approximately 1 in 5000; however, the incidence of gout in women increases after menopause.

There is also some evidence that the prevalence and incidence of gout appear to be rising. Multiple studies over the last 40 years have provided data consistent with a considerable increase in prevalence and annual incidence in Westernized industrial countries.

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is the first stage in the development of gout. Although most individuals who have elevated serum urate levels do not develop gout, control of hyperuricemia becomes one of the primary goals of gout management once gout has been diagnosed.

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